GeneticsA Punnett square depicting a cross between two pea plants heterozygous for purple (B) and white (b) blossoms
Genes are the primary units of inheritance in all organisms. A gene is a unit of heredity and a region of DNAthat influences a particular characteristic in an organism. All organisms, from bacteria to animals, share the same basic machinery that copies and translates DNA into proteins. Cells transcribe a DNA gene into an RNA version of the gene, and a ribosome then translates the RNA into a protein. Additionally, DNA codes for identical or at least strongly similar proteins within all organisms. A sequence of DNA that codes for insulin in humans will also code for insulin when inserted into other organisms, such as plants.[30][31]
DNA usually occurs as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. The set of chromosomes in a cell and any other hereditary information found in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, or other locations is collectively known as its genome. A chromosome is an organized structure consisting of DNA and histones. Genomic DNA is located in the cell nucleus of eukaryotes, as well as small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, the DNA is held within an irregularly shaped body in the cytoplasm called the nucleoid.[32] The genetic information in a genome is held within genes, and the complete set of this information in an organism is called its genotype
Genes are the primary units of inheritance in all organisms. A gene is a unit of heredity and a region of DNAthat influences a particular characteristic in an organism. All organisms, from bacteria to animals, share the same basic machinery that copies and translates DNA into proteins. Cells transcribe a DNA gene into an RNA version of the gene, and a ribosome then translates the RNA into a protein. Additionally, DNA codes for identical or at least strongly similar proteins within all organisms. A sequence of DNA that codes for insulin in humans will also code for insulin when inserted into other organisms, such as plants.[30][31]
DNA usually occurs as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. The set of chromosomes in a cell and any other hereditary information found in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, or other locations is collectively known as its genome. A chromosome is an organized structure consisting of DNA and histones. Genomic DNA is located in the cell nucleus of eukaryotes, as well as small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, the DNA is held within an irregularly shaped body in the cytoplasm called the nucleoid.[32] The genetic information in a genome is held within genes, and the complete set of this information in an organism is called its genotype
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